Women Before And After The Iranian Revolution Cultural Studies Essay

Ladies Before And After The Iranian Revolution Cultural Studies Essay Current Iranian ladies must cling to injuries of dress and guideline, including the shroud (hijab) and full body covering (chador). However this was not generally the situation. Before the Iranian transformation the Shah started modernizing the province of Iran and presenting womans rights. In any case, numerous strict groups emphatically couldn't help contradicting what they saw as an infringement of Islamic culture. At the point when the Islamic Republic assumed control over the ruler in 1979, they started to annul the progressions made to womens rights. This exposition would like to clarify how instruction has added to the attention to numerous urban Iranian ladies to their severe state. It will clarify Iranian ladies both pre and post Iranian unrest and will draw upon the various perspectives Iranian ladies have of Islam to underscore the present province of Iranian culture. At last it will address the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and talk about how researchers of sexual orientation see the subject of Iranian Woman. As substantiated by Elton Daniels, in Iran, exacting social standards and strict guidelines direct and oversee the activities of Iranian lady in the open field. This is on the grounds that Iranian ladies, particularly wedded ladies, are viewed as maintaining the respect of a family; thusly, singular wants are frequently relinquished to focus the spouse and kids as essential obligation. The Islamic Republic plays this job truly and to guarantee that ladies do maintain family respect, Iranian ladies must be escorted by their spouses or male family members consistently, solitary ladies are either fined or detained. Ladies are viewed as the gatekeepers of Irans moral code and accordingly there is substantially less opportunity permitted to them and they should be continually checking their open conduct. Numerous urban Iranian ladies feel themselves confined by harsh mentalities and accused for any mishap that comes upon Irans man centric culture. This strain is growing principally in urb an womens circles and is likely because of the expansion of taught ladies who are getting dynamically mindful of their circumstance. As indicated by Daniels, in an offer to free itself up to the remainder of the world during the 1930s (Pre-Iranian upheaval), Iran was turning into an undeniably modernized state, thusly loosening up the strict and social injuries that bound and distanced Iranian ladies. More schools and higher types of instruction and legislative business (particularly in emergency clinics and schools) were being acquainted with urban ladies and much after the Islamic Republic dominated, they couldn't suppress the developing training of ladies. Urbanization and the extension of instruction offered ladies, for the most part urban ladies, the chance to send their little girls to class. In 1936, the chador was restricted in broad daylight places, which gave the change that was essential for urging ladies to take an interest transparently in open life. Political improvements started to follow, including that of the White Revolution (1963), in which a demonstration was passed that permitted Iranian ladie s to take part strategically. Besides, in the years between the White Revolution and the Iranian Revolution, a few ladies were chosen for the parliament and service of instruction. Be that as it may, there was turmoil between the developing modernizing philosophies and the more conventional country Islamic perspectives. The Shah was managing imperiously and had distanced numerous segments of society; this in the end prompting his oust. The middle class kept on feeling confined by the absence of profession and scholarly open doors accessible to them and the strict segments of Iran governed by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini started to blame the Shah for a debasement and refining Islamic convictions. The misery that Iranians felt against the Shah prompted a strict restoration among Iranian culture and the obliteration of the modernisation of Iranian culture. During rebel against the Shah, mainstream urban ladies and custom rustic ladies cooperated to fight total government and numerous urban ladies wore the Chador keeping in mind the conventional ladies. However, when the Iranian Revolution (1979) demonstrated fruitful, and Islamic Republic took over as the current type of government, the sprouting rights and opportunities for ladies were covered. Khomeini announced that wearing the Chador was presently law; numerous ladies lost their administration positions and it likewise got obligatory to isolate the two guys and females in the open field. Ethical quality police were set up to guarantee that such laws were adhered to. This denoted a huge change for Iranian culture on the grounds that before the Iranian transformation Islamic unobtrusiveness was clung to as strict compassion, at no other time had such orders been made law. The present perspectives looked by numerous urban Iranian ladies are directed by the orders set up post-Iranian Revolution. Numerous urban Women feel smothered by these laws and still recollect when their life was not ordered. In spite of the fact that there have been instances of ladies getting political seat somewhere in the range of 1979 and 2011, a large number of those ladies were set up to assuage the women's activist development and include no force inside the administration. Understanding this, an expanded number of Iranian ladies send mainstream women's activist developments, for example, fighting their complaints through open mediums like the media and press, and common defiance. For instance, conscious inappropriate wearing of the cover and Chador is drilled by numerous youthful Iranian Women and is called terrible hejabi. Awful hejabi comprises of wearing the cover uniquely in contrast to society standards, for example, splendidly hued Chadors and warped hijab, with hair appearing. A meeting with a youthful Iranian ladies clarifies the idea of awful hejabi; Because of these (preservationist) individuals and their forceful reasoning, I trust I am powerless against assault on the off chance that I dont wear the hijab. On the off chance that I was living in a spot where individuals could regard singular decision and not do me any damage, absolutely I wouldnt wear it. I need to show I dont affirm. Wearing awful hejabi demonstrates the longing felt by numerous youthful Iranian ladies to be liberated from their confining man centric foundation and the strict control that they feel has no spot in their lives. In spite of terrible hejabi are the conventional ladies who consider wearing To be dress as an issue of pride and portrayal of their strict society. Ladies that are star Islamic Republic accept that the laws encompassing ladies were based around the lessons of Mohammed in the Koran. Scrutinizing these laws would be scrutinizing the establishments whereupon numerous Iranian ladies carry on with their life. The female Professor Barzin Maknoun responsible for lady issues at the Institute for Cultural Research and Studies states in Iran; The issues have come up in light of the fact that ladies in the west are attempting to be equivalent to men. Ladies work outside the home, however they additionally need to deal with the kids, in light of the fact that essentially shes the person who bears the youngsters. The entire weight lays on ladies now, in light of the fact that theyre attempting to be equivalent to men. In any case, Islam disapproves of this. Islam says the best thing for a lady i s to be a spouse and mother. That doesnt stop her having an occupation or a calling she can do that if her significant other concurs, yet her first employment is to deal with her youngsters. What's more, its the activity of the man to deal with her. Teacher Maknoun speaks to the perspectives held by numerous traditionalist Iranian ladies. Be that as it may, the Islamic Republics disposition toward ladies appears to repudiate the rights for ladies expressed in Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The purpose of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was to guarantee that each individual poise was maintained around the world. Comparable to this view, numerous researchers of sexual orientation are for the most part working in the west and there is by all accounts more enthusiasm for master woman's rights in scholarly circles. Expert women's activist examinations incorporate Rebecca Barlows article, possibilities for woman's rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, or from an investigation perspective like Mahnaz Koushas article, indicators of life fulfillment among urban Iranian Women and Mitra K Shavarinis article, the feminisation of Iranian Higher Education which manages generally despondency and disappointment of Iranian ladies. This examination demonstrates an enthusiasm for the feminisation and abuse of Iranian ladies and less enthusiasm on the Islamic Republic as a genuine type of government. Educator Marknoun was the main professional Islamic Republic researcher found. Taking everything into account numerous urban Iranian ladies feel limited by the hijab and chador because of the severe society they speak to. In spite of the fact that there are circles of customary ladies who see these types of dress as an image of respect and family, wearing the hijab and chador, was initially an individual decision. Be that as it may, this was before the Islamic Republic made numerous strict conventions into law upon the finish of the Iranian Revolution. An investigation of Iranian ladies pre and post Iranian unrest shows that the dynamic training of ladies has added to the urban disappointment of a Womens place in Iranian Society and that numerous researchers of Iranian Women take star women's activist points.

Maude Clare Essay Example

Maude Clare Essay How does Rosetti depict Maude Clare in the shorter, 1862 variant? Could the peruser sympathize with her circumstance? What reason does the storyteller serve? What may the normal world depend on in Rosettis sonnet? In Maude Clare Rosetti depicts a malignant and venomous Clare: Heres my half of a brilliant chain Clearly Claire is angry about her rulers new marriage and needs him to know this. All things considered obviously her ruler despite everything has affections for his special lady since he (looks) long on her in line fifteen of the sonnet. By drawing on three distinct perspectives, fluctuating in noticeable quality, Rosetti can reproduce a significant knowledge into Victorian shows. She embraces a generally female ruled account point of view in her sonnet however the distinguishing proof of the storyteller is fairly equivocal permitting the peruser opportunity to estimate and make their own determinations. We will compose a custom exposition test on Maude Clare explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Maude Clare explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Maude Clare explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The Angel in the House, a sonnet by Coventry Patmore, distributed in 1854 romanticizes ladies job in the public eye (p3 The Changing Role of Women): Man must be satisfied; yet him to please is womens joy. What's more, on the off chance that he once, by disgrace persecuted An agreeable word presents, She inclines and sobs against his bosom, What's more, assumes the transgression was hers She adores with adoration that can't tire; What's more, when, ah misfortune, she adores alone, Through enthusiastic obligation love springs higher This prompted an idea which was fundamental to Victorian convictions about the best possible requesting of society. Womens job was unselfish: she exists to offer delight to her better half and it is in offering joy to others that she herself is satisfied. In Maude Clare Rosetti drastically upsets this idea with her portrayal of Maude Clare and, to a lesser degree, Nell. Clare doesn't fit the unselfish picture in the sonnet where ladies lived to satisfy their spouses; rather she acts egotistically barely caring about the results. She doesn't cherish higher when she adores alone (her master has left her), somewhat that affection is supplanted with harshness. Nell, by differentiate is set up to cherish her significant other until he adores (her) best when he is absolutely over Maude Clare. By doing this she exhibits a large number of the characteristics recorded in the sonnet which Clare obviously needs. The topic of natural goodness and tenderness of ladies was gotten by the writer John Ruskin. He composed a content, distributed in 1865, laying out womens position in the public arena. Ruskin accepted that ladies were delicate, frail and delicate (p4 The Changing Role of Women) and ought to be shielded from the cut and push of society. Rosetti separates this generalization in her sonnet by making her most grounded and most noticeable characters female. The ruler (flounders) in his place debilitated by the venomous nearness of Clare. In following Victorian male centric shows the ruler ought to have control over his significant other/paramour however in the toppled reality evoked by Rosetti this position is pushed aside by predominant ladies, for example, Clare. Nell appears to be frail and has less to state toward the start of the sonnet. Rather than taking the focal point of the big day, as would be normal Nell rather relinquishes this thoughtfulness regarding Maude Clare. Our first gathering of Nell appears to help this: His lady of the hour resembled a town house cleaner, Maude Clare resembled a sovereign. Anyway in the last two refrains she begins to challenge Clares perspective which, as yet had been unopposed. This is conceivable since, as Nell is bound to her ruler by wedlock, Victorian culture directs he is obliged to help her and any youngsters she may have with him. She guarantees shell take what was Clares and wear it until he cherishes (her) best. Unmistakably Rosetti wishes her crowd to feel for the apparently honest Nell. There is a demeanor of mystery in the sonnet encompassing Clares foundation, as though Rosetti doesn't feel Clare merits any crowd acknowledgment past her vengeance stricken fa㠯⠿â ½ade. Just little subtleties of Clares relationship with her ruler are discharged, for example, the picture of them swimming in lake and the brilliant chain both supporting a picture of a master who cares for his female inferiorities. Since no clashing proof is introduced by the storyteller the crowd must choose the option to concur. Along these lines the job of the storyteller could be viewed as a vehicle for Rosettis thoughts in regards to the significance of marriage, thoughts which were shared by numerous others in her time. From a cutting edge point of view a few people may be slanted to identify with the dumped Maude Clare, in a general public where a lesser accentuation on wedlock exists. By differentiate Harrison recommends that the peruser may feel little compassion toward Maude Clare in light of her awful planning and queenly disposition which endure in correlation with Nells construed lowliness with comparing to a town house keeper. In spite of the fact that this is an important understanding of the sonnet I feel that most of individuals who can recognize a noteworthy misfortune in their lives may in any event have a level of sympathy for Clares obvious harshness. In the sonnet Rosetti insinuates various scenes from the normal world. In the 6th and seventh refrains she portrays a sentimental day that Thomas (the master) and Maude Clare spend together. The juxtaposition of blurring leaves and lilies sprouting by Clares discourse help to arrange the occasions to the peruser and show the critical measure of time that has gone since Clares sentiment with her master and his marriage now to Nell. The blurring leaves recommend the relationship to be unprofitable and dead, barely the picture of a lavish relationship inferred by the brilliant chain. Anyway the similar sounding word usage of sprouting limb assists with demonstrating the profound association between the couple. Limb is an intriguing decision of word since it bolsters the bud in nature like the spouse should bolster his better half under Victorian thoughts regarding the family unit. The buds themselves are pictures of fresh starts and this could be Clare disclosing to her darling the unde rtaking is finished. In end Clare and Nell could, to Rosetti speak to conspicuous female figures in Victorian culture. For example, Maude Clare, Florence Nightingale who was herself estranged and evaded by the Angel in the House idea esteeming it unbearable (p.5 The Changing Role of Women). Nell, Mrs. Beeton who gave a handy and positive way to deal with the housewife picture of Patmores sonnet however was a long way from the picture of delicate ladies embraced by Ruskin. Rosetti does somehow or another help conventionalist perspectives on ladies in her time, depicting the basic, trained Nell as her hero and demonstrating the unyielding Clare as improper and taking from her any character past that outlined in the sonnet. Anyway I can't help suspecting that Rosetti can't help contradicting the possibility that ladies required shielding from societys shades of malice since the female characters introduced appear anything other than frail.

Parent-to-Parent Program for Coping With ADHD

Parent-to-Parent Program for Coping With ADHD ADHD Parenting Print Parent-to-Parent Program for Coping With ADHD A seven-week parent-led program to help you learn to help your ADHD child By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Updated on July 23, 2019 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children Brand New Images/Stone/Getty Images If you have a child who was recently diagnosed with ADHD, its important to know that ADHD impacts all areas of life and can profoundly impact your family. When you are parenting a child with ADHD, you are parenting a child who requires more patience, greater supervision, increased structure, and more creative limit-setting and discipline. Add to the mix a sibling or two and its easy to feel overwhelmed and exhausted. Support and education about ADHD are essential. Classes Provide Support and Education The organization Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (CHADD) has a wonderful parent training program called Parent To Parent (also known as P2P). What is unique and bonding about P2P is that it is an educational and support program specifically designed for parents, by parents. The classes, which span a seven-week period, are taught by certified P2P teachers who are parents of children with ADHD themselves. As a result, bonding takes place between the teachers and other parents. The teachers can relate to all the frustrations, uncertainties, exhaustion and isolation that can often come along with being a parent of an ADHD child. They also understand the questions and practical information about ADHD that parents need. The content of the classes is based on the latest scientific research available  and is updated regularly. Parents in the classes get both the state of the art information as well as the perspective of other parents who have lived with ADHD in their own families. Where to Find P2P (Parent-to-Parent) Classes P2P classes are held throughout the nation and are also available online. The material presented provides practical tools and techniques that parents can use daily to help support their child, better manage the ADHD symptoms, and improve overall family life. Participants also receive a Parent to Parent Workbook with additional information and tools. With these skills, parents feel empowered and are able to approach ADHD with greater knowledge and understanding. The support they receive from the teacher and the shared experience with other parents in the class is truly valuable and can be life-changing. What Happens During P2P Classes? The format of the training includes a series of seven 2-hour classes. Topics include Overview of ADD/ADHDAssessment of Multimodal TreatmentDeveloping Parenting Strategies and Positive Behavioral InterventionsStrengthening Family RelationshipsEducational Rights for Your ChildBridging the Gap Between Home and SchoolResiliency, Teen Challenges, and Future Success

The Causes of the First World War - 1166 Words

This question has formed part of the historiography of the causes of the First World War, a historical debate that has endured ever since the conflict ended. It periodically resurfaces with new theories being advanced such as the Fischer thesis, usually on account of the release of previously unseen documents or because of a shift in the political climate. It has emerged to the fore once again because this year is the centennial of the war’s outbreak and there are plans to commemorate it nationally across the UK. In order to fully understand how Britain’s decision to go to war against Germany is best explained one must engage into the debate revolving around the question of the extent to which Britain and other countries were responsible for causing war. This helps explain the intention Britain had for war which is vital in understanding their decision making process to cause war in the first place. Some schools of thought have come to the conclusion that it was everybody or nobody- the continent â€Å"slithered over the brink into the boiling cauldron of war without any trace of apprehension or dismay.†1 That analysis will be considered in this essay as will the widespread thesis that it was Germany’s aggression which not only created the preconditions for war, but also triggered Britain into war with the political imbalance of power being created from the growing naval and colonial expansion of Germany. Other factors that help explain why Britain went to war against G ermanyShow MoreRelatedThe Causes Of The First World War1406 Words   |  6 PagesOption A: What in your view were the causes of the First World War? How have historians’ views on the war changed over time? Historical events are crucial in human thoughts since they understand themselves better in the present through analyzing their past occurrences. Historical events help us to know the causes of certain past events, therefore, making the cause to entail long-term ideology events and actions. Nevertheless, the causes of certain events may differ depending on the scale of historyRead MoreCauses of the First World War1164 Words   |  5 PagesWorld War I Essay When a nation’s hunger for power and control become too great, the nation may be pushed to do things that may have harsh consequences. This was the case in the early 1900’s when the world engaged in its first major global military conflict. There were a number of causes of the First World War; due to the Treaty of Versailles, Germany accepted full responsibility for the war. Although the Germans had a large contribution in starting the war, they should not be fully heldRead MoreThe Causes Of The First World War1395 Words   |  6 PagesThe causes of the First World War were similar and differed from the causes of the Second World War politically, economically, and socially. Both of these significant, historical events were substantially affected by the interaction of dominating societies during this time period. During the First World War, these leading societies were the European authorities of Britain, Germany, and Austria, with slight assistance from the U.S. However, the United States allocated their full engagement duringRead MoreCauses of the First World War Essay752 Words   |  4 PagesWhat were the causes of the first world war? Many people believe, that the First World War was caused by the assassination of the heir to the empire of Austria-Hungry, Arch-Duke Franz Ferdinand. However, I believe, there were many other more important causes that could have started the war. For example: the rivalry of countries, the alliances (Triple Entente and Triple Alliance), the industries of Britain and Germany, Militarism, Rivalry and many more. Firstly, Germany was trying to expandRead MoreCauses of First World War Essay940 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The First World War started in 1914 and lasted for four years to end in 1918 when Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary and Ottoman empires were defeated (Havers 7). There have been a number of causes identified to have led to the war but most of them are not as straightforward as many would think. In essence, the root causes of the war are deeper than most abstract reasons many authors have identified in the past. However, this does not mean that there was no trail of events which directlyRead MoreThe Major Cause Of The First World War838 Words   |  4 PagesLead To The First World War The events that result to or lead to the outbreak of a war form part of history that is highly analyzed and discussed over historical times for number of significant reasons. These reasons include giving answers to questions and shedding knowledge upon some particular patterns that may exist in war circumstances and giving an understanding on how and why they occur. For instance, the First World War was preceded by a number of events globally. The cause of war was introducedRead MoreCauses of the First World War Essay2064 Words   |  9 PagesCauses of the First World War â€Å"The outbreak of the First World War in 1914 grew out of a short term crisis in the Balkans, but any attempt to understand its origins must take into account a number of long standing developments.† (McDonough). To discuss this judgement, we must investigate the causes of the First World War, the consequences of these actions, and to what extent were they responsible for the start of the war. A long term and economical causeRead MoreBritish Empire : A Major Cause Of The First World War1694 Words   |  7 Pages 11/18/14 Global 10 Mrs. DelFavero British Empire in India (1850-1914) Imperialism was a major cause of the first world war; the reason being is that imperialism often led to competition for land as well to nationalism and complex systems of alliances that led to several world powers going to war in 1914; one of those world powers was the British Empire. The British Empire’s presence in India is a perfect example of imperialism and its effects going into WWIRead MoreIn What Ways Did the Causes of the Second World War Differ from the Causes of the First World War?2006 Words   |  9 Pagesways did the causes of the Second World War differ from the causes of the First World War? The First World War (1914-1918) was the deadliest, most destructive war that had occurred in history up to that time; it was of a scale unknown to previous generations. Nonetheless, the Second World War (1939-1945) proved to be by far deadlier than the First One. Both World War I and World War II were total wars fought between the major industrial nations and their empires and both were wars of attritionRead MoreCritically asses three major causes of the First World War2347 Words   |  10 PagesThere are many causes to the First World War, many of which are results of complex developments which took place for a number of years before the war, such as the conflict over the Balkans and the decline of the Ottoman Empire. The most obvious cause may be the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand. However, upon close examination of the events leading up to World War One, we shall see that this was merely the spark that set off the chain of events leading up to the Great War. One of the main

Relationships Refers To Bonds Between Two Or More People,

Relationships refers to bonds between two or more people, this can be romantic, friendly, family or work related. People seek relationships because they must fulfill their needs. One of our basic needs is to feel secure. We feel secure and safe when we are with someone, for example, at night I don’t like to be alone because I feel unsafe but when I’m with someone this feeling disappears it just gives you a sensation of safeness. Also, people may decide to form relationships because of a common interest, they might be studying the same subject or pursuing the same goals in life so united their probability of making it are greater. Another factor can be love, the need of physical touch or the need of affection can be factors of forming†¦show more content†¦The second reason is that it helps us connect with the other person, it builds trust and it shows we care, overall, everybody wants to be heard. The third reason is that it is more likely that the other person will listen to us and will approve are message. In Venezuela, there is a dictatorship running the country â€Å"Chavismo† and this has ruined this rising developing country. Hugo Chavez governed the country since 1990’s until his death since then he has done everything that he thinks it’s right and by doing so has silent the voices of the Venezuelans. The country is currently governed by his successor Nicolas Maduro and the situation has gone worst, the country can’t even afford hospitals with the essential medical supplies. Maduro follows the same strategies as Chavez not listening to anybody and just doing what he thinks is right for the country. Venezuela could have been a strong country if it hadn’t been for Chavez lack of listening skills. Listening means not just understanding the message, but also understanding the emotions of the speaker. In ordinary listening we hear the words and thinking Where do I agree? Where do I disagree? and What am I going to say in response? In simple terms the spotlight is on us and not in the speaker, however, in real listening the spotlight is on the speaker, we put our self in their shoes, we just don’t listen to the words inShow MoreRelated Developmental Psychology Essay examples918 Words   |  4 Pages Developmental psychology is concerned with how our cognitions, emotions and behaviour change as we grow with age and experience. Babies, only a few months old develop close bonds called attachment bonds with some people in particular. These people are able to settle the child, if upset, more easily than others and the baby will become upset if separated from the attachment object for too long. There has been a big debate in psychology over the precise role the mother Read MoreThe family Debate: A Brief History1032 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Blood is thicker than water† and â€Å"Family before friends† are two common ideas related to the idea of family vs. friends. With social changes to modern society these two terms are even more relevant to how families work and how families will continue to form in the future. According to Mary Patricia Treuthart, author of â€Å"Adopting a more realistic definition of family† in the 1990’s the appropriate definition of family was â€Å"a breadwinner-husband and a homemaker-wife who live with their biologicalRead MoreUnderstanding Adverse Selection1663 Words   |  7 Pagesproblems. Definitions: Adverse selection- this is a condition which acknowledges that people with more risky project are more likely to ask for loans and there is an information asymmetry present. To reduce the risks associated with adverse selection risk evaluation needs to be as accurate as possible and screening for services successful. Moral hazard- this refers to a situation where one party is more informed than the other party. This can be applied to a loan; the bank is not sure whetherRead MoreThe Holy Son Of The Messiah866 Words   |  4 Pagescalled to live a life of holiness, striving for Godly righteousness, following the laws Yahweh set our before them to reach a level of devotion no people had ever reached in history. God calls Israel to be a people of priests in Exodus 19. God desired the Israelites to be set apart from any other nation through their lifestyles and be in relationship with him. Fast forwarding to the New Testament, Christians are called to be something that is strikingly similar to that of Israel: to live a life thatRead MoreFederal Budget Deficit And The National Debt1524 Words   |  7 Pages These two graphs are dealing with the federal budget deficit and the national debt and just how diverse they are from the time differences with both begging approximately in the 2001’s and making their way to 2013. Different types of numbers, but the relationship between the Federal budget deficit and the national debt is by how the Deficit deals with taking the difference of what the U.S. government gets in from taxes or other revenues calling these receipts, but on top of that the amount of moneyRead MoreThe Modern Evolution of Community1492 Words   |  6 PagesCommunity is a broad concept within the social sciences (sociology specifically) and one that is used frequently. It is one of the most vague and ambiguous terms, yet is commonplace to everyday life. The core concept of the term refers to social bonds and connections that exist between individuals in a particular geographical location. However vague the term may be, ‘Community’ as a construct is indeed of great importance when attempting to understand the impact of an era of social, political, economic,Read MoreJohn Donne s A Valediction : Forbidding Mourning And Katherine Philips s Mrs. B.a. At Parting927 Words   |  4 Pagesdedication and honesty. If done correctly, the outcome is truly stunning. John Donne’s â€Å"A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning† and Katherine Philips’s â€Å"To Mrs. M.A. at Parting† are two masterpieces of this genre. These poems depict the concept of true love so meticulously that the reader cannot help but envy the relationships presented. Perhaps the reason that these works are so effective is due to the fact that they are incredibly similar to each other. Although some differences are present when itRead MoreCultural Diversity : Differences Between High- And Low Context Cultures1680 Words   |  7 PagesDifferences between high- and low-context cultures A culture of any region provides a complete framework to its inhabitants to how to organize themselves, their actions and thoughts with respect to their environment. Thus culture is not innate; instead it is learned by the people as they continue to live in that particular region. This culture drives their thinking, actions and basically all kinds of interaction with their surroundings. Thus, it is different for different areas and people from theseRead MoreEssay Aristotle On Friendship1333 Words   |  6 Pageshis lifetime but one of the virtues that he examines more extensively is friendship. Aristotle believes that there are three different kinds of friendship: utility, pleasure, and virtuous friendships. He also argues that a real friendship should be highly valued because it is a complete virtue and he believes it to be greater than honor and justice. Aristotle suggests that human’s love of utility and pleasure is the only reason why the first two types of friendships exist. Aristotle also arguesRead MoreSpeech on Twins1343 Words   |  6 PagesTwins today are more common than they once were. There is actually a 3 percent chance that if you are pregnant right now you could be having twins. Twins are something miraculous and special. I have had the pleasure of meeting seven different sets of twins in my life time thus far. Only one set is older than I am while the rest range from juniors in high school to just starting pre-school. Today, I am going to talk to you about three things. First I am going to discuss the bond that most sets

Right to Housing Under the Constitution of Kenya Free Essays

RIGHT TO HOUSING UNDER THE CONSTITUTION OF KENYA The right to housing comprises an intricate part in the realization of one of the most basic needs of a human being, shelter. Everyone has the right to a decent standard of living as stated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, a document that has attained the status of jus cogens due to its wide acceptance. Essential to the achievement of this standard is access to adequate housing. We will write a custom essay sample on Right to Housing Under the Constitution of Kenya or any similar topic only for you Order Now It has been said that housing fulfills physical needs by providing security and shelter from weather and climate. It fulfills psychological needs by providing a sense of personal space and privacy. It fulfills social needs by providing a gathering area and communal space for the human family, the basic unit of society. It also fulfills economic needs by functioning as a center for commercial production. Due to various factors including insufficient financial and natural resources, population growth, political upheavals, and rural- urban migration, a vast population of Kenyans especially those living in urban areas end up homeless or in informal settlements. Dr. P. L. O Lumumba in his speech during the World Habitat forum in 2004 described the lengths to which people unable to afford adequate housing go to provide shelter to themselves and their families. He said that some of them end up seeking refuge in, â€Å"slums areas, squatting in informal settlements, old buses, roadside embankments, cellars, staircases, rooftops, elevator enclosures, cages, cardboard boxes, plastic sheets, aluminum and tin shelter. † According to a UN Habitat study done in 2008, 60-80 percent of residents in Nairobi, Mombasa and Kisumu, live in informal settlements. In fact, the same study shows that while 60 percent of Nairobi’s populations live in informal settlements, their homes occupy only 5 percent of the total land area of the city and its environs. Although right to adequate shelter is a human right, this does not imply that the government is obliged to provide each of their citizens with land and an appropriate house to live in. This is dependent on the laws and policies of each individual country. In Kenya, the debate about the justifiability of housing and some other socio-economic rights seems to be over with the passing of the 2010 Constitution. This is because the constitution has provisions that seek to protect the provision of these rights to every citizen as will be discussed in the next part. 1. 1 The Constitution of Kenya, 2010 When Kenya gained independence in 1963, every Kenyan was relieved to have finally been freed from the yoke of colonialism. The independent Kenya adopted a constitution that had majorly British influence but that seemed to suffice during those early ‘teething years’. But as years passed by, the biting reality that the country had been taken over by neo-colonialists hit home. The independence constitution was not sufficient to protect the general public from the vicious acts and decisions of those in power. There was need for constitutional reform. Kenyans have long struggled for constitutional reform. They struggled because they suffered under an oppressive system of government. Their human rights were suppressed. The power of the state was concentrated in one person, the president. First regions and then local governments were stripped of all their powers. At the center, the president dominated all institutions of the state. Cronyism substituted for politics. Merit counted for little. The law was frequently abused by the government and the exercise of power was unpredictable and arbitrary. The judiciary had failed to protect the constitution and the rights of the people. The civil service and other executive organs lost independence. There was corruption, plundering both of the state and a captive private sector, on a massive scale. The new constitution therefore had to be a document that remedies the shortcomings of the independence constitution. The drafters of the new Constitution aimed to restore the confidence of the citizens with their government. One of the salient features of the 2010 constitution is the incorporation of a strong and comprehensive Bill of Rights. It contains a number of rights, which were missing from the independence constitution, including rights to official information, environment, economic and social rights, and rights of consumers, et cetera. The 2010 Constitution strengthens the achievement of the human rights by limiting the restrictions that may be placed on rights and by establishing a strong mechanism for the enforcement of rights. It also provides for an independent commission of human rights to protect and promote rights and freedoms. Of importance to this research are the Economic and Social rights. Article 43 provides for each person’s right to: a) The highest attainable standard of health b) Accessibility and adequate housing and to reasonable standards of sanitation. c) Freedom from hunger and to have adequate food of acceptable quality. d) Clean and safe water in adequate quantities. e) Social Security. f) Education. Amongst this list of rights is the right to housing. Forced evictions of persons living in unplanned settlements and slums are a common feature of urban development. People living in these informal settlements live at the margins of society. Land is generally an expensive investment in Kenya therefore only a few can afford it. Those who cannot afford it opt to rent apartments or houses or rooms from property owners but there are some who cannot still afford this kind of arrangements and so set up their housing structures on any free land that they come across, regardless of whether it is private land or public land set out for other purposes. This latter group of people is the ones who fall victim to forced evictions. Article 2(5) and (6) of the constitution general rules of international law and any treaty or convention ratified by Kenya form part of the laws of Kenya. Kenya ratified the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) on 3/1/1976 and consequently became bound to respect, protect and enforce the rights therein, including the right to adequate housing and the related prohibition of forced evictions. It is with this backing of the law that victims of forced evictions that are not conducted in the manner stipulated in both domestic law and international law are able to defend their right to housing through the courts. ——————————————- [ 2 ]. Article 25(1) which states in part, â€Å"Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care†¦Ã¢â‚¬  [ 3 ]. Nicholas Okemwa, Forceful Evictions and the Right to Adequate Housing(2011)16 ; The Bench Bulletin 58 [ 4 ]. Dr. P. L. O Lumumba, Powers of Urban Authorities over Settlement Control: The Kenyan Case. He presented this paper during the world habitat forum organized by un-habitat held on the 13th –17th September 2004 at the Barcelona, Spain [ 5 ]. Preliminary Results of the 2009, National Population and Housing Census. [ 6 ]. Draft Eviction an Resettlement Guidelines, 2010. [ 7 ]. Commentary on the Kenyan Constitution, (Consolidation of 15 articles in the East African Standard). [ 8 ]. Article 35 [ 9 ]. Article 42 [ 10 ]. Article 43 [ 11 ]. Article 46 [ 12 ]. Article 24 is the only article that provides for the specific procedure to be followed for a right contained in the Bill of Rights to be limited. This is unlike in the independence constitution where each right was immediately followed by a claw-back clause. [ 13 ]. Article 11 How to cite Right to Housing Under the Constitution of Kenya, Papers

Multiple Intelligences Essays - Intelligence, Educational Psychology

Multiple Intelligences The article that is to be reviewed is "Identification of giftedness in culturally diverse groups" by Wilma Vialle in Gifted Education International, 1999, Vol 13, pp 250 -257. In this article Vialle (1999) recognises the under representation of disadvantaged students in educationally gifted programs. Vialle identifies the disadvantaged students as being children from "...non-English-speaking backgrounds, indigenous children and economically disadvantaged children" (Vialle, 1999, p250). Vialle suggests the cause of this under representation of disadvantaged students lies in the linear model approach "..whereby a narrow set of identification procedures? usually an IQ test? is used to identify gifted students who are then placed in a program that may or may not be specifically designed to meet their intellectual strengths." (Vialle, 1999, pp. 251-252). Vialles perceived resolution to neutralise these disadvantages occurring in the identification of giftedness is to use an identifying procedure that shifts from the more traditional approach of mainly IQ testing to a more diverse, multi-facet approach that supports the use of Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligence's Theory. Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Theory opposes traditional methods that view intelligence as unitary, and perceive's intelligence to contain seven distinct domains. These domains include and can be defined as follows: Linguistic Intelligence is the ability to use language to excite, please, convince, stimulate or convey information; Logical-mathematical Intelligence is the ability to explore patterns, categories, and relationships by manipulating objects or symbols, and to experiment in a controlled orderly way; Spatial Intelligence is the ability to perceive and mentally manipulate a form or object, and to perceive and create tension, balance, and composition in a visual or spatial display; Musical Intelligence is the ability to enjoy, perform, or compose a musical piece; Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence is the ability to use fine and gross motor skills in sports, the performing arts, or arts and craft production; Intrapersonal Intelligence is the ability to gain access to and understand one's inner feelings, dreams, and ideas; and Interpersonal Intelligence is the ability to get along and understand others. (Hatch & Gardner, 1988, cited in Vialle 1999, pp.252-253). Using these aspects for assessment criteria to identify giftedness in particular areas, instead of traditional measures is the key argument presented in this article. Several other authors have share the same view as Vialle when concerning disadvantaged students, but offer different assessment procedures again. In agreeing with Vialle, Bolig & Day state that "Traditional intelligence tests...specify neither how, nor what, to teach to improve performance; they discriminate against minorities and individuals whose backgrounds are not middle and upper-middle class; they fail to address individual differences in motivation, personality, and/or social competence....and they only assess one dimension of an individual's abilities, that of intellectual ability."(Bolig & Day, 1993, p. 110). Bolig & Day then present their method to identify gifted students in a non-discriminating manner that consists of the concept of dynamic assessment. Dynamic assessment includes static measures of ability as well as dynamic measures that consist of "...tests of ongoing learning that measure how easily the child acquires new knowledge and skills. (Bolig & Day, p. 110). The idea presented seems underdeveloped when compared to that of Vialle as collecting portfolios of children work is done in many schools already, and the disadvantage has more potential to occur when compared to using Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Theory. Multiple Intelligence Theory in identifying giftedness contains enough scope to break some of the culturally diverse barriers sometimes experienced because of the three underlying principles of Gardner's Theory that are pluralisation, contextualisation and distribution."Pluralisation involves the recognition that intelligence is a complex, multi-faceted concept; contextualisation demands that intelligence be interpreted in the light of the milieu in which the individual functions; and finally, distribution involves the individual's relationship with other resources and artefacts, particularly the ways in such resources are used to support or enhance intelligent behaviour". (Gardner, 1994, cited in Vialle, 1999, p. 253). In using a multi-facet assessment procedure students from diverse backgrounds are able to show an array of skills in different areas of intelligence, and be recognised as containing such attributes, that were not traditionally thought about as being intelligence until recently. There are still many differing opinions about intelligence and there are limitations recognised in both models, traditional and contemporary. Berk (1997) in discussing Gardner's Theory acknowledges the importance and connotations for the field of Intelligence recognition, but also raises some limitations and states that "..neurological support for the independence of his intelligence's is weak....[and that] logical-mathematical ability, in particular seems to be governed by many brain regions, not just one. (Berk, 1997, p307). Berk (1997) also recognises that some current mental tests assess some of the main intelligence's identified by Gardner